Matter and Measurement
States of Matter
Core Concept – States of Matter In this tutorial, you will learn about the four main states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, and plasma), as
Density – Definition and How to Calculate It
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn what density is, and how to calculate it. You will also learn the units and you will
What is a Mole and Avogadro’s Number in Chemistry
Core Concepts – Mole in Chemistry So what is a mole? In this tutorial, you will learn the definition of the mole, an important unit
Physical vs Chemical Properties
Core Concepts In this tutorial on physical versus chemical properties, you will learn about the differences between physical, chemical, intensive and extensive properties. We will
Atoms and Molecules
What is Atomic Mass?
Core Concepts In this article you will learn about the different things that contribute to atomic mass. What makes up an atom, and how to
What is Atomic Number?
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about atomic number, its definition, its usefulness in categorizing elements, and its history as a theory in
What is an ion?
Core Concepts In this tutorial, learn what an ion is, and why it is important in chemistry. Topics Covered in Other articles Cations and Anions
Rutherford Atomic Model
Learn about the Rutherford atomic model, the gold foil (scattering) experiment, and the limitations of Rutherford’s model!
Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry
Calculating Percent Yield
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn calculating percent yield and theoretical yield are, and how to calculate it. In addition, you will walk
Law of Conservation of Matter
The law of conservation of matter says that mass can not be created or destroyed. Below we go into detail on this law, work through
Balancing Chemical Formula
Core Concepts In this article you’ll learn how to balance a chemical formula and how to determine an element’s charge from balancing. You’ll learn some
Solving Stoichiometry Problems
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn what is stoichiometry and the different types of problems involving it. You will go through several examples
Solutions and Solubility
What is Solubility?
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will be introduced to the properties of solubility and the varying factors that effect it. You will also be
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures
In this article, we will discuss the definition of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and then look at some examples of each! It is very important
Solubility Rules & Chart
Solubility is one of most interesting parts of chemistry. Watching a colorful precipitate form, or redissolve, can be very exciting. In this article, we look
Mixtures vs. Compounds
Find out what is a mixture, what is a compound, and the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures in this tutorial. What is a Mixture?
Electronic Structure of Atoms
What Is Electron Affinity?
Learn amazing facts about electron affinity, including definition, periodic table trends, and influencial factors
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Pauli Exclusion Principle Definition The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that in any atom no electron can have the same four electronic quantum numbers as another
Electron Configurations: An Introduction to Writing One
Core Concepts – Electron Configurations In this tutorial, you will learn how to find and write the electron configurations and orbital diagrams for various elements
Electron Shells
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about electron shells, the different subshells, and the orbitals where electrons can be found. Topics Covered in
Periodicity and the Periodic Table
Periodic Trends Made Easy!
What are Periodic Trends? Periodic trends are observable patterns in the properties of an element that are dependent on its position in the Periodic Table.
Ionization Energy
What is Ionization Energy? Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is a property that all elements on the periodic table have. So what is the
Periodic Table Metals and Non-Metals
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will be introduced to metals and non-metals on the periodic table of elements and their properties. Topics Covered in
What is Electronegativity? Trends & Chart
What is electronegativity? Electronegativity is defined as an atom’s ability to attract electrons towards it in a chemical bond. There are several different ways of
Chemical Bonding
Bond Formation and Dissociation Energies
What is Bond Energy? No molecule within chemistry would exist without bonds linking atoms. Because forming bonds releases energy, molecules exist because atoms prefer a
What Is A Chemical Bond?
In this article, we look at the types of bonds in chemistry. We explain what is a chemical bond, list the types of chemical bonds,
Molecular Orbital Theory
Core Concepts In this article, we learn about Molecular Orbital Theory, an important concept in quantum mechanics, as well as its application in understanding molecular
Ionic vs Covalent Bonds
In this article, we discuss ionic bonding and covalent bonding, and compare ionic bonds vs covalent bonds. We’ll talk about what is an ionic bond,
Molecular Structure
Lewis Dot Structures
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn how to draw the correct lewis dot structures for elements and compounds. In addition, you will learn
Resonance Structures
Core Concepts In this tutorial on resonance structures, you will learn what resonance structures are and how to find all of the possible resonance structures
Coordination Number in Chemistry
Core Concepts In this article, we learn all about coordination number in chemistry, including its meaning in molecules, metal ion complexes, and crystals. We also
Bond Order vs. Bond Length
Core Concepts – Bond Length In this tutorial, you will learn about the definition of a chemical bond, and the key differences between bond order
Acids and Bases
Titration Curves & Equivalence Point Calculations
Amazing facts about titration analysis, including the types, components, curves, and steps of titrations
What is Kw in Chemistry?
Core Concepts – Kw Equilibrium In this article, you will learn about the concept of Kw in chemistry. Kw combines conceptual knowledge from branches like
Weak Acids and Weak Bases
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about weak acids and weak bases, including why they are considered weak and examples of each. We’ll
What is Ka, the acid dissociation constant?
Core Concepts In this tutorial you will learn about the acid dissociation constant (), and its applications to other topics in chemistry. You will learn
Redox Reactions
How to Find Oxidation Number & Oxidation State
Oxidation number and oxidation state are two very important concepts in chemistry. In this article, we will make them very easy to understand! Topics Covered
How to Write Net Ionic Equations
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn how to write net ionic equations. In addition, you will learn how they are useful for understanding
What is Electrochemistry?
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you’ll learn the basics of electrochemistry, including oxidation, reduction, galvanic cells, and applications of electrochemistry. We’ll also go over the
Redox Reactions & Oxidation Reduction
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn what a redox reaction is, the different parts of such a reaction, as well as how to
Gases
Intro to Gases
Core Concepts In this article, we learn about what a gas is, diatomic gases, the three properties of gases, gas laws, and gas phase changes.
The Ideal Gas Law
Core Concepts This tutorial will teach you about the gas laws, the derivation of the ideal gas law equation, and how to use it. You
What is Partial Pressure?
Core Concepts In this article, we learn about partial pressure and it’s importance with respect to Dalton’s Law, the Ideal Gas Law, mole fractions, and
Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about the Boyle’s law formula, and how this equation can be used to determine relationships
Liquids and Solids
Thermochemistry Vocabulary
Core Concepts – Thermochemistry Vocabulary In this article you’ll learn the definitions and gain a better understanding of the main vocabulary terms for thermochemistry such
Hess’s Law
Core Concepts So what is Hess’s Law? In this tutorial, you will be introduced to Hess’s Law, as well as the equation that goes along
Colligative Properties
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about 3 colligative properties: vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation and freezing point depression! You will also
Heat of Fusion Explained
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about heat of fusion, including its thermodynamics and its applications. After this article, you will be able
Equilibrium
What is the Equilibrium Constant?
Core Concepts In this article about chemical equilibrium, we will learn about the equilibrium constant, also often referred to as the equilibrium coefficient. This article
What is Le Chatelier’s Principle
Core Concepts Le Chatelier’s principle is one of the most important concepts with regard to chemical equilibrium. It allows us to predict the behavior of
Equilibrium Conditions
Core Concepts In this article, you’ll learn the conditions for a chemical system at equilibrium, equilibrium constant concentrations, and their applications in kinetics. Topics Covered
Solubility Product Constant – KSP
What is Ksp? , or the solubility product constant, is a unitless measure of how well a solid dissolves in an aqueous solution. To be
Reaction Kinetics
Integrated Rate Laws
Core Concepts In this article, we learn about integrated rate laws, including their chemical meaning, mathematical derivation, and usefulness in studying chemical kinetics. Topics Covered
Arrhenius Equation
Arrhenius equation- Core Concept In this tutorial, you will learn what the Arrhenius equation is, how to use the equation to determine the activation energy
Catalysts & Activation Energy
What is a catalyst? Let’s talk about what catalysts are. A catalyst is a compound or element that increases the rate of a chemical reaction,
Rate Determining Step
What is the Rate Determining Step? The rate determining step in a reaction is the step which will take the longest time in a reaction.
Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Reactions
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn all about nuclear reactions. This includes an introduction to nuclear reactions and a discussion about how to
Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Particles
Core Concepts In this article, we explore the properties of radioactive alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, as well as how to stop them.
Isotope Abundance and Average Atomic Mass
Core Concepts When looking at the periodic table, each element has a value displayed for the atomic mass. If you look closely, it is clear
How to Find Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn how to find and calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom or element.
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Standard State
Core Concepts In this article you will be able to understand the standard state of every element. After reading this article you’ll know the exact
Nuclear Processes
Core Concepts In this article you will be able to understand and differentiate both nuclear processes :fusion and fission. After reading this article you will
What is Thermochemistry?
Core Concepts Thermochemistry focuses on understanding how heat is involved in chemical reactions. Important thermochemical laws guide the study of heat and its interactions with
Aufbau Principle
What is the Aufbau Principle? The Aufbau principle states that electrons will first fill the lowest energy electron shells in a neutral atom. Electrons fill