Organic Chemistry
Recent Articles
Photochemistry
Core Concepts Photochemistry is the study of chemical reactions, processes, and mechanisms initiated by light. This article explores the fundamentals of photochemistry, its applications, and
Wurtz Reaction
Core Concepts This article will explore the Wurtz reaction, covering its mechanism, limitations, and the conditions required for the reaction to take place. Introduction The
Aspirin Synthesis
Core Concepts In this article, we will discuss the steps in synthesizing Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), its applications, and its reaction mechanism. Introduction Bayer chemist Felix Hoffmann synthesized aspirin
Catalytic Hydrogenation
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about the reagents, mechanisms, stereochemistry, and applications of Catalytic Hydrogenation. We will explore the different products of
Organic Acids and Bases
Core Concepts This article will describe organic acids, organic bases, and how to differentiate their strength. Organic Acids Organic acids are molecules that contain carbon
Structure
Line Structures
Core Concepts In this article, we will discuss line structures and their applications in organic chemistry. Topics Covered in Other Articles Introduction to Line Structures
Spectral Analysis of Organic Compounds
Core Concepts In this organic chemistry tutorial, we explore how to use techniques of IR and NMR spectral analysis to identify unknown compounds. We’ll briefly
Absolute Configuration
Core Concepts-Absolute Configuration In this tutorial, you will learn about what absolute configuration is, along with how to determine the absolute configuration of a molecule.
Understanding Strain
Core Concepts Strain is an important concept in organic chemistry, often the most important factor in determining molecular structure. In this article, we explore the
What are Organic Compounds?
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about the history of organic chemistry, the importance of organics, and then the difference between organic and inorganic
Relative Configuration
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about, along with how to determine, the relative configuration of a molecule. Topics Covered in Other
Benzene Rings-Structure and Formula
What is a Benzene Ring? Benzene rings are an organic molecule with a planar geometry. A benzene ring is 6 carbon atoms in a ring
Newman Projections
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn what Newman projections are and why they are useful in organic chemistry. You will also learn the
Functional Groups
Carbonyl Functional Group
Introduction to the Carbonyl Group The carbonyl functional group is a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. The image below highlights (in red) the
Ether Functional Group
Core Concepts This tutorial is about the ether functional group. It will cover the structure of the ether group and the reactions that they participate
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and their Reactions
Core Concepts Carboxylic acid is a common functional group (RCOOH) that, when reacted with other molecules, become carboxylic acid derivatives. These are a group of
Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn what exactly functional groups are and why they are important in organic chemistry. You will also learn
Epoxide Functional Group
Core Concepts In this organic chemistry tutorial, we learn about the epoxide functional group, including its definition, basic properties, naming conventions, and important reactions. Topics
What are Alkenes? Structure and Reactions of Alkenes
In this tutorial, you will learn all about the structure, nomenclature, and reactions of alkenes!
Amination Reactions
Core Concepts In this article we will talk about amines and their respective properties, with a focus on the different types of amination reactions that
Zwitterions
Core Concepts This article will discuss zwitterion’s structure, pH, net charge, and examples. Introduction A zwitterion is a molecular ion with a net charge of
Reactivity of Organic Molecules
Alkyne Synthesis
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about the reagents used and mechanisms involved in synthesizing alkynes. Related Articles Dehydrohalogenation The main method by
Epoxidation
Core Concepts This article gives an introduction to the epoxidation reaction. We will discuss its general concepts, reaction mechanism, and applications in organic chemistry. What
Directing Effects
Core Concepts Electrophilic aromatic substitution adds substituents to aromatic molecules. When a monosubstituted aromatic ring gets another substituent, the new substituent bonds to a specific
Keto Enol Tautomerization
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about keto enol tautomerization, including the meaning of “tautomerization,” trends in enol stability, and important mechanisms under
Radical Reactions
Core Concepts A radical reaction is characterized by the involvement of highly reactive species called radicals. Radical reactions are a fundamental class of chemical reaction.
Sn1 Reaction
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about the first type of nucleophilic substitution reaction – sn1 – by looking at its mechanism and
Sn2 Reaction
Core Concepts: In this tutorial, you will learn about the second type of nucleophilic substitution reaction – sn2 – and its mechanism.Be sure to check
Hydroboration Oxidation
Core Concepts This article explores hydroboration oxidation, a useful reaction in synthetic organic chemistry to add a single alcohol to an alkene. Topics Covered in
Named Reactions
Grignard Reagents
Core Concepts In this tutorial you will learn all about the preparation and uses of Grignard Reagents in organic chemistry. You will also become familiarized
Cannizzaro Reaction
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about the Cannizzaro reaction, including its mechanism, applications, and examples. Topics Covered in Other Articles Cannizzaro Reaction
Friedel-Crafts Acylation and Alkylation
Core Concepts In this tutorial on the Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions, you will learn about the purposes of both reactions. Furthermore, you will learn
Lindlar’s Catalyst
Core Concepts In this tutorial you will learn about the purpose, mechanism, and utility of Lindlar’s catalyst in organic chemistry. Related Articles What is Lindlar’s
Wurtz Reaction
Core Concepts This article will explore the Wurtz reaction, covering its mechanism, limitations, and the conditions required for the reaction to take place. Introduction The
The Wittig Reaction
Core Concepts – Wittig Reaction In this organic chemistry tutorial, you will learn what the Wittig reaction is, and how it compares to other organic
Williamson Ether Synthesis
Core Concepts In this organic chemistry tutorial, you will learn about Williamson Ether Synthesis, including its importance in organic chemistry, its chemical mechanism, and finally
Clemmensen Reduction
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about an important reaction in organic chemistry known as Clemmensen Reduction. You will be able to understand