Organic Chemistry
Recent Articles
Photochemistry
Core Concepts Photochemistry is the study of chemical reactions, processes, and mechanisms initiated by light. This article explores the fundamentals of photochemistry, its applications, and
Wurtz Reaction
Core Concepts This article will explore the Wurtz reaction, covering its mechanism, limitations, and the conditions required for the reaction to take place. Introduction The
Aspirin Synthesis
Core Concepts In this article, we will discuss the steps in synthesizing Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), its applications, and its reaction mechanism. Introduction Bayer chemist Felix Hoffmann synthesized aspirin
Catalytic Hydrogenation
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about the reagents, mechanisms, stereochemistry, and applications of Catalytic Hydrogenation. We will explore the different products of
Organic Acids and Bases
Core Concepts This article will describe organic acids, organic bases, and how to differentiate their strength. Organic Acids Organic acids are molecules that contain carbon
Structure
Alkene Carbocation Stability
Core Concepts In this article, we will explore the stability of carbocations in alkenes via substitution and rearrangement, including stabilizing factors such as resonance. Topics
Cis Trans Isomers
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn to differentiate between two types of stereoisomers: cis and trans. You will learn how to classify the
Degrees of Unsaturation Explained
Core Concepts In this article, we take a close look at “Degrees of Unsaturation,” including what they are, how to calculate them, and some important
IUPAC Naming of Organic Compounds
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn all about the IUPAC naming of organic compounds. This includes an introduction to the IUPAC system of
Arrow Pushing
Core Concepts In this article, we will explore common forms of arrow pushing that are seen in organic chemistry, both intermolecular and intramolecular. We will
Racemic Mixtures
Core Concepts-Racemic Mixtures In this tutorial, you will learn about what makes a racemic mixture and how they are optically inactive. In addition, you will
Benzene Rings-Structure and Formula
What is a Benzene Ring? Benzene rings are an organic molecule with a planar geometry. A benzene ring is 6 carbon atoms in a ring
Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis
Core Concepts Many organic molecules have the same functional group in different spots. When chemists want to react only one of these groups, they must
Functional Groups
Amino Functional Group
The amino group is an important functional group for many biological systems. Below we discuss the structure of an amino group, some quick stats on
Carbene
Core Concepts In this topic you will learn about properties of the difference between singlet and triplet carbene, their generation and properties. Topics Covered In
The Ketone Functional Group
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about the ketone functional group, how to name it, its properties, and its reactions. You will also
Amide Functional Group
Core Concepts Amides are a common and useful organic functional group consisting of a carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atom. In this article, the structure, atomic
Acid Chloride Functional Group
Core Concepts This article serves as a guide to the acid chloride functional group in organic chemistry. After reading this article, you will be able
Naming Alkanes
Core Concepts In this tutorial on alkane nomenclature, you will learn how to name various alkanes using the IUPAC system. You will also become familiar
Amine Functional Group
The amine functional group is a nitrogen with a lone pair and three bonds. Learn about properties of amines, amine reactions, and amine group classification
Ether Functional Group
Core Concepts This tutorial is about the ether functional group. It will cover the structure of the ether group and the reactions that they participate
Reactivity of Organic Molecules
Keto Enol Tautomerization
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about keto enol tautomerization, including the meaning of “tautomerization,” trends in enol stability, and important mechanisms under
Radical Reactions
Core Concepts A radical reaction is characterized by the involvement of highly reactive species called radicals. Radical reactions are a fundamental class of chemical reaction.
Arrow Pushing
Core Concepts In this article, we will explore common forms of arrow pushing that are seen in organic chemistry, both intermolecular and intramolecular. We will
Photochemistry
Core Concepts Photochemistry is the study of chemical reactions, processes, and mechanisms initiated by light. This article explores the fundamentals of photochemistry, its applications, and
Alcohol Reactions
Core Concepts In this article we will talk about alcohols and their properties. We will also cover the different types of alcohols reactions that can
Ozonolysis
Core Concepts This article serves as an in-depth guide to what the ozonolysis reaction is in organic chemistry. After reading this article, you will be
Markovnikov’s Rule
Core Concepts Markovnikov’s rule helps predict the product of nucleophilic addition to alkenes. The nucleophile adds to the carbon with the highest degree (primary, secondary,
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
Core Concepts In this article, we will explore the reaction mechanism of nucleophilic acyl substitutions. Related Articles What is Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution? Nucleophilic acyl substitution
Named Reactions
The Wittig Reaction
Core Concepts – Wittig Reaction In this organic chemistry tutorial, you will learn what the Wittig reaction is, and how it compares to other organic
Michael Addition
Core Concepts Michael Addition is a useful reaction for adding a carbon-carbon bond between an alkene and an electron-depleted carbon. Topics Covered in Other Articles
Clemmensen Reduction
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about an important reaction in organic chemistry known as Clemmensen Reduction. You will be able to understand
Grignard Reagents
Core Concepts In this tutorial you will learn all about the preparation and uses of Grignard Reagents in organic chemistry. You will also become familiarized
What is Fischer Esterification?
Fischer Esterification Fischer Esterification is an organic chemical reaction that reacts a carboxylic acid group with an alcohol group to form an ester. Esterification is
Gilman Reagents
Core Concepts This article serves as a guide to Gilman reagents in organic chemistry. After reading this article, you will be able to understand and
Wurtz Reaction
Core Concepts This article will explore the Wurtz reaction, covering its mechanism, limitations, and the conditions required for the reaction to take place. Introduction The
Lindlar’s Catalyst
Core Concepts In this tutorial you will learn about the purpose, mechanism, and utility of Lindlar’s catalyst in organic chemistry. Related Articles What is Lindlar’s