Biochemistry
Recent Articles
Mitosis: How Cells Divide to Sustain Life
Core Concepts In this article, you will gain an in-depth overview of mitosis, starting with why it is such a significant process. You will also learn about mitosis’s role within the cell cycle, its stages, and how its precise, built-in
The Science behind Biofuel Innovation
Core Concepts In this article, we will explore the fundamental chemistry of biofuels, tracing their transformation from raw biomass to usable fuel. We will define a key chemical challenge, the presence of oxygen, and examine how advanced catalytic processes are
Vitamin A
Core Concepts In this article, we will explore what vitamin A is, how it was discovered, where it is found, its purpose, and its impacts on day-to-day life. What is a vitamin? To begin our discussion, let’s first broadly discuss
Techniques and Technologies in Proteomics
Core Concepts This article reviews key techniques and technologies in proteomics, including protein separation, mass spectrometry, quantitative techniques, and emerging methods. Topics Covered in Other Articles Introduction Proteomics, the large-scale study of proteins, is a powerful tool for understanding biology
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Core Concepts: This article explores carbohydrate metabolism. It begins with the classification of carbohydrates and then examines the key metabolic pathways involved – including cellular respiration, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fermentation – and discusses how they
Neurotransmitters
Core Concepts This article discusses neurotransmitters, including their classifications, their chemical structures, and what roles they play in the body. It takes a closer look at several well-known neurotransmitters, examines the specific mechanisms by which they function, and concludes with
Proteins and Enzymes
Protein Structure and Stability
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn what makes up protein structure and how factors, like temperature and pH affect a protein’s stability. You will also learn that protein structure and stability are important to a protein’s function. Topics
What is Protein Denaturation?
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about protein denaturation. You will also learn what causes denaturation and its effects on the cellular environment. Topics Covered in Other Articles What are proteins? A protein is a macromolecule made up
Enzyme Cofactors
Core Concepts In this article, we will explore the mechanics and importance of the three main groups of enzyme cofactors: metal ions, cosubstrates, and prosthetic groups. Topics Covered in Other Articles Enzyme Catalysis with Cofactors It’s hard to overstate the
Hemoglobin
Core Concepts Hemoglobin, made up of four iron containing subunits that bind to oxygen, plays a role in many biological processes, including that of respiratory function. This article discusses what hemoglobin is, how it works, why it is important, and
Amino Acid Chart
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about the 20 amino acid structures, along with their important biochemical properties. Topics Covered in Other Articles What is an amino acid? Amino acids are the building blocks for polypeptides and proteins.
Enzymes: Function and Types
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about the functions, mechanics, and types of one of the most important biomolecules: enzymes. Topics Covered in Other Articles What are enzymes? Enzymes are a class of biomolecules responsible for catalyzing chemical
Nucleic Acids
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Core Concepts In this article, we learn about the polymerase chain reaction, better known as PCR, including its history, detailed mechanisms, and practical use. Topics Covered in Other Articles Why do we study DNA? Ever since biologists began to realize
Watson and Crick Base Pairs
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about Watson and Crick base pairs, including their importance, structure, and chemistry. You will also learn about some important non-Watson and -Crick base pairs. Topics Covered in Other Articles What is the
RNA interference
Core Concepts – RNA Interference In this article, you will be able to understand how RNA interference works, and its benefits for human research. Topics Covered in Other Articles > Ribonucleic Acid > Central Dogma of Biology > Genetic Code
Biological Macromolecules
Core Concepts In this article, you will be able to describe the chemical composition and function of the four primary biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Related Topics The Four Pillars of Biochemistry Biochemistry refers to the study
Plasmids
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn to understand what plasmids are, the different types, and their applications in the medical and scientific world. Topics Covered in Other Articles What are Plasmids? Plasmids are circular DNA pieces, they replicate independently from
tRNA Activation
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about tRNA activation, the enzymes that facilitate it, and the steps in the tRNA activation reaction. Concepts Covered in Other Articles Introduction Transfer RNA molecules, also called tRNAs, have a crucial role
Metabolism
The Calvin Cycle
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about the different stages, key enzymes, and significance of the Calvin cycle in plant metabolism. Understanding the intricacies of the Calvin cycle reveals how plants sustain themselves and contribute to the global
Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids
Core Concepts: Beta oxidation is a metabolic process that involves the breakdown of fatty acids to generate cellular energy. In this article, you will learn the four reactions involved in beta oxidation, and how those reactions work. Topics Covered in
Types and Functions of Neurotransmitters
Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn all about neurotransmitters. We begin with an introduction to neurotransmitters and an explanation of how they work. Then, we consider the different ways in which neurotransmitters are classified. Lastly, we provide common
tRNA Activation
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about tRNA activation, the enzymes that facilitate it, and the steps in the tRNA activation reaction. Concepts Covered in Other Articles Introduction Transfer RNA molecules, also called tRNAs, have a crucial role
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about an important metabolic pathway called Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) and how it contributes to other metabolic processes in the cell like cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis. Introduction The pentose phosphate
Metabolic Pathways
Core Concepts In this article, you will be able to understand how metabolic pathways work and the most important ones. You will also be able to understand its applications in science and molecular biology. Topics Covered in Other Articles >