The Reemergence of Radiochemistry
[Alaina Rumrill] Dr. Thomas Albrecht-Shoenzart is a Professor of Chemistry at the Colorado School of Mines, where his work in radiochemistry shines a spotlight on a field once overshadowed by societal fear and environmental concerns. Radiochemistry, historically defined as the study of chemical reactions using radiation, has evolved into a robust discipline focused on the chemistry of radioactive elements [1]. This transformation has been driven by technological advancements, such as pulse radiolysis and ionizing radiation studies, enabling researchers to uncover the mysteries of heavy elements like berkelium and californium [1].
The trajectory of radiochemistry mirrors global events, particularly nuclear incidents such as the 1986 Chornobyl disaster. This event catalyzed a steep decline in public and scientific interest in nuclear energy and medicine, contributing to what researchers call a “valley of death” for radiochemistry during the 1980s [2]. As society shifted focus toward alternative energy sources, the discipline grappled with reduced funding and diminished research activity. However, the advent of nuclear medicine and the pressing challenge of climate change have sparked a revival of the field. Radium-based drugs, such as Xofigo for metastatic prostate cancer, and advancements in small modular reactors emphasize radiochemistry’s relevance [3]. The field has reclaimed its place in addressing high-energy density needs with low carbon footprints, ushering in a renaissance fueled by innovation and necessity [1].
This re-emergence is bolstered by breakthroughs in fundamental science. The study of isotopes, once stifled by limited tools and techniques, now thrives thanks to modern instrumentation such as diffractometers, spectrometers, and Raman microscopes [1]. These tools illuminate the unique properties of radioactive elements, advancing knowledge and expanding applications. This new interest in radiochemistry underscores its essential role in tackling global challenges while pushing the boundaries of scientific discovery.
Applications of Radiochemistry
The applications of radiochemistry are very diverse, spanning nuclear medicine, energy, and fundamental nuclear chemistry. In medicine, radioactive isotopes such as actinium-225 and californium-250 hold immense promise. Actinium-225 is emerging as a powerful tool in radiotherapy, targeting cancer cells with precision while sparing healthy tissues [4]. Californium-250, a potent neutron emitter, has demonstrated efficacy in tumor destruction, marking a significant step forward in oncology [1]. Such innovations underscore radiochemistry’s pivotal role in improving patient outcomes.
Beyond medicine, Dr. Albrecht-Shoenzart’s contributions to the energy sector underscore radiochemistry’s role in shaping a sustainable future. One focus of his work involves managing the byproducts of nuclear reactors, particularly heavy actinides generated during high burn-up scenarios [1]. These actinides, including isotopes of plutonium and other transuranic elements, require innovative methods for extraction and recycling [1]. By developing selective techniques to isolate these elements, radiochemists aim to enhance the efficiency of nuclear fuel cycles while ensuring the safety of long-term storage solutions.
Dr. Albrecht-Shoenzart also delves into the complexities of neutron flux, a key factor in nuclear reactions. Neutron flux, the rate at which neutrons interact with atomic nuclei, plays a vital role in driving fission and the creation of heavier isotopes [1]. His research investigates how these interactions influence the behavior of nuclear fuel, providing valuable insights for optimizing reactor performance and advancing the next generation of nuclear energy technologies.
The fundamental study of heavy actinides forms another pillar of Dr. Albrecht-Shoenzart’s work, shedding light on the chemistry of elements with unique and often unexpected properties [1]. These studies not only contribute to understanding nuclear processes but also open new avenues for innovation. For example, his research into the chemical behavior of lanthanide analogs informs the handling of actinides, leading to discoveries with potential applications in energy conversion, advanced materials, and environmental remediation [1].
A Day in the Lab with Dr. Albrecht-Shoenzart
The day-to-day work of Dr. Thomas Albrecht-Shoenzart reveals the intricate nature of radiochemistry and its commitment to pushing the limits of human understanding. His focus on heavy actinides and lanthanide analogs exemplifies the delicate balance of precision, creativity, and resilience required in this field [1]. Dr. Albrecht-Shoenzart’s research often involves working with scarce, valuable elements such as berkelium and californium. To maximize data while minimizing material usage, his team perfects synthesis techniques and crystal growth on smaller scales [1]. These methods not only conserve resources but also reveal unique properties of exotic elements, such as samarium’s photoluminescence, which switches between sharp transitions and broadband emissions based on temperature [1].
High-pressure studies are another cornerstone of Dr. Albrecht-Shoenzart’s work. Using diamond anvil techniques, his team compresses crystals to simulate extreme conditions, such as those found in Earth’s mantle [1]. These studies unlock unknown oxidation states and phases of materials, paving the way for applications in electronics and energy conversion devices. Despite the challenges, including radiation damage and the risk of diamond breakage, these efforts yield invaluable insights into atomic interactions under duress.
Collaboration plays a pivotal role in his research. Dr. Albrecht-Shoenzart frequently partners with experts across disciplines to achieve well-characterized compounds and explore periodic structures [1]. Such partnerships amplify the impact of his findings, ensuring robust methodologies and innovative outcomes. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, his work not only advances radiochemistry but also strengthens its connections to broader scientific endeavors. Dr. Albrecht-Shoenzart’s dedication to uncovering the unknown continues to redefine the field, proving that even the most complex and radioactive elements can reveal profound truths about the natural world.
Learn More
If you would like to hear more about Dr. Thomas Albrecht-Shoenzart’s journey and work in radiochemistry, visit us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and many other streaming services to listen to our ChemTalk Podcast with Dr. Thomas Albrecht-Shoenzart, Professor of Chemistry at the Colorado School of Mines.
Find the ChemTalk podcast here.
Works Cited
[1] Albrecht-Shoenzart, Thomas. Personal interview. Conducted by Jason Lu and Neel Youts. 26 March 2024.
[2] “Chernobyl Accident 1986.” World Nuclear Association, April 30, 2024. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/chernobyl-accident .
[3] El-Amm, Joelle, and Jeanny B Aragon-Ching. “Radium-223 for the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.” OncoTargets and therapy, May 18, 2015. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4445785/ .
[4] Bidkar, Anil P, Luann Zerefa, Surekha Yadav, Henry F VanBrocklin, and Robert R Flavell. “Actinium-225 Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Prostate Cancer.” Theranostics, May 11, 2024. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11103494/ .