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Core Concepts Electrophilic aromatic substitution adds substituents to aromatic molecules. When a monosubstituted aromatic ring gets another substituent, the new substituent bonds to a specific

Core Concepts In this article, you will learn the basic introductory concepts necessary to understand smog and acid rain. You will learn the necessary conditions

Core Concepts In this article, you will learn the basic introductory concepts necessary to understand the role of ozone in atmospheric systems. You will learn

Core Concepts In this article, you will learn the basics of atmospheric chemistry including the chemical composition of the atmosphere, atmospheric constituents, aerosols, and a

Core Concepts In this article we will talk about amines and their respective properties, with a focus on the different types of amination reactions that

Introduction to Niobium The element niobium is a lustrous, crystalline, and ductile transition metal. Jet engines and both oil and gas pipelines contain niobium.  10

Core Concepts In this article, you will learn about the Lineweaver-Burk plot and its applications to biochemistry topics, specifically that of enzyme kinetics. Topics Covered

Core Concepts This article gives an introduction to the epoxidation reaction. We will discuss its general concepts, reaction mechanism, and applications in organic chemistry. What

Interactive Periodic Table and Related Topics An Introduction to the Element Cadmium Discovered by Friedrich Stromeyer in 1817, Cadmium is well-known as one of the

Core Concepts In this tutorial, you will learn about the mechanism, acid-base dependence, and reagents involved in the epoxide ring opening reaction. Topics Covered in

Introduction to Hafnium Identified in 1923 by Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy, hafnium is a lustrous, silver-grey transition metal. The name “hafnium” originated from

Introduction to Ruthenium The element ruthenium is a shiny, silver-gray, brittle metal that looks like platinum. Computer chips, jewelry, and electrodes all contain the element

Introduction to Zirconium Zirconium finds many applications as a heat- and corrosion-resistant element. Zirconium is derived from zircon (ZrSiO4) and baddeleyite (ZrO2), which are its